Ranki Vav or Rani Ki Vav is a historical Vav located in Patan city in Patan district of Gujarat state. This Vav is a spectacular place of Patan city which is visited by thousands of tourists from home and abroad.
Rani Udayamati, the first wife of Bhimdev, son of Mulraj Solanki, founder of the Sohilki dynasty of Anhilwad Patan, and daughter of Ra Khengar, king of the Chudasama dynasty of Junagadh, built Vav to provide water to the people in the last quarter of the 11th century.
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Centuries ago, floods and other events in the Saraswati River caused the floodwaters to sink into the ground so that no one could see the floodwaters. But the Indian Archaeological Survey of India Vav returned to its original form in 1968, many years after excavation work began to excavate the soil in Vav.
The mouth of Raniki Vav opens to the east. Raniki Vav is 64 meters long, 20 meters wide and 27 meters deep. It is as deep as seven floors. This is a Vav Jaya type Vav. In Vav, artistic idols of gods and goddesses as well as nymphs and serpent girls are carved.
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There is a small gate here which opens into a tunnel 30 km long towards Siddhpur. The entrance is now filled with mud and stones, but it is believed that the road was originally built to escape the king and royal family in times of crisis. This is not the case.
Rani ki vav is considered as the finest and one of the largest example of stepwell architecture in Gujarat. It was built at the height of craftsmens’ ability in stepwell construction and the Maru-Gurjara architecture style, reflecting mastery of this complex technique and beauty of detail and proportions. The architecture and sculptures is similar to the Vimalavasahi temple on Mount Abu and Sun temple at Modhera.
The new purple Rs 100 currency notes issued by the Reserve Bank of India in the year 2018 show Ranki Vav on the back.
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Rani ki vav has been declared a Monument of National Importance and protected by the ASI. It was added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites on 22 June 2014. It was named India's "Cleanest Iconic Place" at the 2016 Indian Sanitation Conference.
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